International Financial Management Maple Leaf Inc.

INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT MAPLE LEAF INC. INSTRUCTOR: PROFESSOR RAYMOND COX GROUP HEDGER INC SUNKANMI ODUFUWA JERALD ZAKALL Maple Leaf Inc. Method 1 - Unhedged Cross Exchange Rate (Risky) (GBP) 30,000,000 = (GBP)30,000,000 x 1.762(USD/GBP) = (USD)52,860,000 (T=0) (GBP) 30,000,000 x 1.785(USD/GBP)=(USD)53,550,000 (T=3) Difference of 53,550,000-52,860,000=(USD)690,000 (USD)690,000 x (CAD)1/0.91(USD) = (CAD)758,241.76 Short and Long Term Risks: Increases in exchange rates would be detrimental the profits of Maple Leaf Inc. since there is a lot of uncertainty with respect to future exchange rates and which direction they will go There is also risk of volatility with respect to exchange rates in the short and long term This method also does not protect against any kinds of risks in the short or long term ei: exchange rate risk, opportunity cost of having the risk hedged and contingent exposure / Method 2 - Forward Contract: 1.755(USD/GBP) 3 Month (GBP) 30,000,000 = (GBP)30,000,000 x 1.762(USD/GBP) = (USD)52,860,000 (GBP) 30,000,000 x 1.755(USD/GBP)=(USD)52,650,000 Difference of 52,650,000-52,860,000= Loss of (USD)210,000 (USD)210,000 x (CAD)1/0.91(USD) = Loss of (CAD) 230,769.23 Short Term Risks: Certainty of forward exchange rates eliminates exchange rate riskShow MoreRelatedCanada s Largest Food Processor924 Words   |  4 PagesCanada Packers used the brand name Maple Leaf for its pork products. 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What was the significance of the Marshall Plan on Post-war...

What was the significance of the Marshall Plan on Post-war Europe? *FOURTH DRAFT* September 2, 1945, marked the end of the Second World War, a day in which soldiers could finally leave foreign shores for home, but they would soon discover that home was not how they left it. For World War II had taken its toll on Europe. On both sides all that had been built before now lay in ruin and desolation, with economic disaster and extreme poverty now left to govern its inhabitants. Industrial production was critically low, a staggering amount of people were left either unemployed or homeless and most major cities, industrial facilities and transportation systems had been critically destroyed, leaving Europe’s infrastructure in a state of disarray.†¦show more content†¦It was â€Å"the most staggering and portentous experiment in the entire history of our foreign policy,† the young Arthur Schlesinger, Jr., who served on its staff, wrote. It â€Å"saved us from catastrophe,† a manager at Europe’s largest tire factory declared. But under t he scrutiny of modern historians the importance of the Marshall plan is claimed to be overstated, was Europe really in such a dire state of affairs that it required such a boost just to stay afloat? Or was it simply America’s chance to exert pressure and influence on one of its biggest economic partners whilst also keeping the threat of communism at bay? That is the question I shall be posing during the course of this essay. From 1948 (the year that the plan was implemented) to 1952 (the year that Europe declared it would no longer require Marshall Aid) Europe experienced the fastest rate of growth in its history. Industrial and agricultural production increased by 30% of the pre-war levels and the standard of living ¬Ã‚ ¬ improved dramatically. Western Europe was set to commence two decades of unprecedented growth. 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Challenges And Benefits In Project Setup †Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Challenges And Benefits In Project Setup? Answer: Introducation Project A is developed to offer financial services to customers located in Australia and New Zealand. Its expectation is that the 80 employees will continue to offer competitive financial services despite its small size and complexity of tasks (Hedman 2013, pp.46). In order to achieve that target a financial regulatory performance framework need to be formulated that will define their performance standards, and how they will interact with various stakeholders when carrying out functions. Implementation of the framework requires a suitable project management methodology that will take consideration of the various components and needs of the stakeholders. A choice of project management methodology framework is a high management level function (Gido Clements 2014, 33). Senior managers in Project A need to plan and document it as part of their organization policy framework. The implementation of the methodology is carried out by the project board, project manager and project team. PRINCE2 project methodology is suitable for Project A because of the small size and complexity of the project. The PRINCE2 works on the principle that project activities can be delegated to project managers and team for them to perform effectively (Bourne 2015, pp. 38). The senior managers in Project A can delegate authority to a project manager to execute and control the project. The PRINCE2 methodology involves seven steps to be followed they include: starting up, directing, initiation, controlling, managing product descriptions, managing stage boundaries and project closure (Kendrick 2013, pp.67). The seven stages need to be implemented fully to ensure that project deliverables are achieved as per the expectations and standards of the organization. The senior managers will approve the project manager to employ the project methodology in implementing the project. Prince2 Implementation The project manager first step in the project methodology is to submit a new project request to the senior managers in the startup phase (Cleland 2013, pp.45). The request is implementation of financial performance regulatory framework in the organization. The request is to explain the goals, aims and justification of the project. The request will be followed by a project brief that shows the resources and actions used to accomplish the project once the approval is done by the senior managers. The next step follows a policy approval stage by the senior managers known as directing a project. The senior manager decisions are to appraise and evaluate the project viability based on the methodology provided. Once they are satisfied the project is approved and the project manager is given the authority to execute the project. The first step in the execution process is for the project manager to document a project plan. The project plan documented should cover 6 performance targets: quality, cost, time, scope, benefits and risks. Examples of the indicators are provided in the appendix section. The quality plan provides a plan of how quality control and assurance will be achieved. Work breakdown structure and network diagrams will provide schedules for activities and basis of allocating resources. Work breakdown structure is a tool that divides the project into smaller units, work packages and deliverables. Risks will be maintained in a risk management plan in form of a risk register. Once the targets are provided the project are given a clean bill of health to continue. During the execution of the project its goal is divided into smaller work packages and delegated to project team to achieve them. The division of work into smaller units falls under the controlling stage of PRINCE2 project management method ology. The project manager is then mandated to oversee that activities go as per the project briefs and plans developed. Each of the financial performance regulatory frameworks content is delegated to project team players to implement them. Part of the implementation process is to ensure that the product delivery is managed and executed well (Heagney 2016, pp.76). The project manager will need to check project progress against the project brief/plan to ensure that deliverables meet the expectations before the approvals are made. The second last stage of the project involve both senior managers and project managers evaluating the stages of implementing the financial performance regulatory framework according to the set standards and requirements. The findings of the evaluation will provide a record of lessons learnt and future correction measures. Once the project goal has been met and senior managers are satisfied the project manager closes the project. A project closure checklist will provide procedures and activities that will be closed down which may include: documents, accounts and assets (Larson 2014, pp.67). The project manager then hands over the project to the owners. Prince 2 Challenges And Remedies The implementation of PRINCE2 project methodology in Project A faces the following challenges: The project methodology focuses on the tasks and client role to much which may bring a constraint or relationship between them, there are other stakeholders that the project needs to look and work with. No suitable method of communication is provided to the stakeholders. Information sharing is important of project because it eliminates risks and uncertainties in the entire process (Burke 2013, pp.56). In order for the mentioned challenges to be addressed stakeholder involvement should be integrated at each stage to facilitate information sharing. Project managers need to carry out a stakeholder analysis during initiation and starting phases of the project. The methodology it needs to focus on the resources available to accomplish the tasks rather than focusing on the tasks alone. In conclusion, PRINCE2 is beneficial for project needs because it provides standardization of all the procedures , it is time and cost effective, and its techniques are based on best practices. The methodology adopted by Project A have been tried and tested in several countries and available at free to be used in projects. Reference lists Bourne, L 2015, Making projects work:effective stakeholder and communication management. CRC press, New Delhi. Burke, R 2013, Project management: planning and control tecniques. Wiley publishers, New Jersey. Cleland, D 2013, Project management handbook. Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, United States. Gido Clements 2014, Successful project management. Nelson Education, Chicago. Heagney, J 2016, Fundamentals of project management. AMACOM: American management association Hedman, K 2013, Project management professional exam study guide. Wiley, Indianapolis. Kendrick, T 2013, The project management tool kit: 100 tips and techniques for getting the job done right. . AMACOM Div: American management Assn. Larson, E 2014, Project management: the managerial process. New York: Mc Graw Hill, New York.

Noise Pollution in Urban Centers of Ghana Essay Example

Noise Pollution in Urban Centers of Ghana Paper In the past thirty years, noise in all areas, especially in urban areas, has been increasing rapidly. There are numerous effects on the human environment due to the increase in noise pollution. Slowly, unresponsively, we seem to accept noise and the physiological and psychological deterioration that accompanies it as an inevitable part of our lives. Although we attempt to set standards for some of the most major sources of noise, we often are unable o monitor them. Community awareness of environmental noise has increased and there is a higher expectation for State and local government to reduce nose levels. Noise pollution has become worldwide concern and studies have shown that more than 20% of the world population lives under unacceptable noise levels. Noise pollution can be defined as unwanted or offensive sounds that unreasonably intrude into our daily activities. It has many sources, most of which are associated with urban development: road, air and rail transport; industrial noise; neighborhood and recreational noise. A number of factors contribute to problems of high noise levels, including; increasing population, particularly where it leads to increasing arbitration and urban, consolidation; activities associated with urban living generally lead to increased noise levels and increasing volumes of road, rail and air traffic. Noise pollution can be categorized under the following sources: domestic, industrial, produced by construction works and transport. Domestic noise includes those that are created as a result of certain human activities such as household chores, smaller businesses attached to the home such as corn ills and other noises made by household members. Previously, industries were located far from human settlement so the issue of noise pollution was mainly not from this source; but these days, most industries are located within vicinities and this causes much noise in the areas they are located. We will write a custom essay sample on Noise Pollution in Urban Centers of Ghana specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Noise Pollution in Urban Centers of Ghana specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Noise Pollution in Urban Centers of Ghana specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Modernity and development has paved way for urban construction of roads, buildings and bridges. The end results of these activities are noise pollution. Construction involves quarrying, drilling and other activities that are all accompanied with noise. Road traffic noise is one of the most widespread ND growing environmental problems in urban areas. The impact of road traffic noise on the community depends on various factors such as road location and design, land use planning measures, building design, vehicle standards and driver behavior. Noise pollution has enormous effects on the human health; in fact, research into the effects of noise on human health indicates a variety of health effects. The WHO suggests that noise can affect human health and well-being in a number of ways, including annoyance reaction, sleep disturbance, interference with communication, effects on social behavior and hearing loss. Noise pollution in Sacra Metropolis, Ghana Noise has become a major problem for many city authorities in Ghana; major cities in the country have become the home of excessive noise as a result of increased business activities. The capital city is gradually becoming the focal point of noise in the country, in an ever increasing level. Noise-making emanates from various sources including sellers of audio and video equipments. The vendors have adapted the style of mounting loud speakers in pickup trucks and vans, shattering out loud music to sell recorded music impact discs (Cads) and videos, in the face of existing laws that strictly prohibit noise making. Again, increase in population has resulted in increased in the number of vehicles, both commercial and private. During rush hours, these vehicles use horn-blowing as a communicative tool. They blow them to warn, to force their way through, to exchange pleasantries, to rebuke and also for fun. The impact of the noise is felt by people living near these terminals and pedestrians. Another noted source of noise pollution in Ghana is the churches situated around and within the cities. The church has become an income generation venture; many people operate the church as a full time firm that is operational all day. The end result of the morning devotions, afternoon prayers, evening services, half night services and all night services are the intense noise experienced by people around that are too complicated to complain. Section 79 of the Local Government Act, 1 993 (Act, 462), frowns on those activities that cause noise pollution. However, city authorities, the Sacra Metropolitan Assembly (AMA), and the police have done little to curb this situation.