International Financial Management Maple Leaf Inc.

INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT MAPLE LEAF INC. INSTRUCTOR: PROFESSOR RAYMOND COX GROUP HEDGER INC SUNKANMI ODUFUWA JERALD ZAKALL Maple Leaf Inc. Method 1 - Unhedged Cross Exchange Rate (Risky) (GBP) 30,000,000 = (GBP)30,000,000 x 1.762(USD/GBP) = (USD)52,860,000 (T=0) (GBP) 30,000,000 x 1.785(USD/GBP)=(USD)53,550,000 (T=3) Difference of 53,550,000-52,860,000=(USD)690,000 (USD)690,000 x (CAD)1/0.91(USD) = (CAD)758,241.76 Short and Long Term Risks: Increases in exchange rates would be detrimental the profits of Maple Leaf Inc. since there is a lot of uncertainty with respect to future exchange rates and which direction they will go There is also risk of volatility with respect to exchange rates in the short and long term This method also does not protect against any kinds of risks in the short or long term ei: exchange rate risk, opportunity cost of having the risk hedged and contingent exposure / Method 2 - Forward Contract: 1.755(USD/GBP) 3 Month (GBP) 30,000,000 = (GBP)30,000,000 x 1.762(USD/GBP) = (USD)52,860,000 (GBP) 30,000,000 x 1.755(USD/GBP)=(USD)52,650,000 Difference of 52,650,000-52,860,000= Loss of (USD)210,000 (USD)210,000 x (CAD)1/0.91(USD) = Loss of (CAD) 230,769.23 Short Term Risks: Certainty of forward exchange rates eliminates exchange rate riskShow MoreRelatedCanada s Largest Food Processor924 Words   |  4 PagesCanada Packers used the brand name Maple Leaf for its pork products. 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Under the copyrightRead MoreAn Evaluation of an on-Farm Food Safety Program for Ontario Greenhouse Vegetable Producers; a Global Blueprint for Fruit and Vegetable Producers51659 Words   |  207 Pagesa combined farm-gate value of $350 million and represented 41 per cent of North American greenhouse vegetable production. Program implementation barriers identified included: perceived costs of participation, the priority of food safety management; and, management/employee relationships. Effective implementation was size-neutral and value was obtained through market access. Produce industry stakeholders can apply the results of this research and create a template to be used in similar extension activities

What was the significance of the Marshall Plan on Post-war...

What was the significance of the Marshall Plan on Post-war Europe? *FOURTH DRAFT* September 2, 1945, marked the end of the Second World War, a day in which soldiers could finally leave foreign shores for home, but they would soon discover that home was not how they left it. For World War II had taken its toll on Europe. On both sides all that had been built before now lay in ruin and desolation, with economic disaster and extreme poverty now left to govern its inhabitants. Industrial production was critically low, a staggering amount of people were left either unemployed or homeless and most major cities, industrial facilities and transportation systems had been critically destroyed, leaving Europe’s infrastructure in a state of disarray.†¦show more content†¦It was â€Å"the most staggering and portentous experiment in the entire history of our foreign policy,† the young Arthur Schlesinger, Jr., who served on its staff, wrote. It â€Å"saved us from catastrophe,† a manager at Europe’s largest tire factory declared. But under t he scrutiny of modern historians the importance of the Marshall plan is claimed to be overstated, was Europe really in such a dire state of affairs that it required such a boost just to stay afloat? Or was it simply America’s chance to exert pressure and influence on one of its biggest economic partners whilst also keeping the threat of communism at bay? That is the question I shall be posing during the course of this essay. From 1948 (the year that the plan was implemented) to 1952 (the year that Europe declared it would no longer require Marshall Aid) Europe experienced the fastest rate of growth in its history. Industrial and agricultural production increased by 30% of the pre-war levels and the standard of living ¬Ã‚ ¬ improved dramatically. Western Europe was set to commence two decades of unprecedented growth. This is exactly what the Marshall Plan had aimed to achieve, not wanting to just send a lump sum of $13 billion and be done with it, America set out to rejuvenate the European economies in a number of ways. They did this by providing European markets with experts, new machines and breakthrough technology which helped to push industrial andShow MoreRelatedOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 PagesHistory of Southern Life Lisa M. Fine, The Story of Reo Joe: Work, Kin, and Community in Autotown, U.S.A. Van Gosse and Richard Moser, eds., The World the Sixties Made: Politics and Culture in Recent America Joanne Meyerowitz, ed., History and September 11th John McMillian and Paul Buhle, eds., The New Left Revisited David M. 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Challenges And Benefits In Project Setup †Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Challenges And Benefits In Project Setup? Answer: Introducation Project A is developed to offer financial services to customers located in Australia and New Zealand. Its expectation is that the 80 employees will continue to offer competitive financial services despite its small size and complexity of tasks (Hedman 2013, pp.46). In order to achieve that target a financial regulatory performance framework need to be formulated that will define their performance standards, and how they will interact with various stakeholders when carrying out functions. Implementation of the framework requires a suitable project management methodology that will take consideration of the various components and needs of the stakeholders. A choice of project management methodology framework is a high management level function (Gido Clements 2014, 33). Senior managers in Project A need to plan and document it as part of their organization policy framework. The implementation of the methodology is carried out by the project board, project manager and project team. PRINCE2 project methodology is suitable for Project A because of the small size and complexity of the project. The PRINCE2 works on the principle that project activities can be delegated to project managers and team for them to perform effectively (Bourne 2015, pp. 38). The senior managers in Project A can delegate authority to a project manager to execute and control the project. The PRINCE2 methodology involves seven steps to be followed they include: starting up, directing, initiation, controlling, managing product descriptions, managing stage boundaries and project closure (Kendrick 2013, pp.67). The seven stages need to be implemented fully to ensure that project deliverables are achieved as per the expectations and standards of the organization. The senior managers will approve the project manager to employ the project methodology in implementing the project. Prince2 Implementation The project manager first step in the project methodology is to submit a new project request to the senior managers in the startup phase (Cleland 2013, pp.45). The request is implementation of financial performance regulatory framework in the organization. The request is to explain the goals, aims and justification of the project. The request will be followed by a project brief that shows the resources and actions used to accomplish the project once the approval is done by the senior managers. The next step follows a policy approval stage by the senior managers known as directing a project. The senior manager decisions are to appraise and evaluate the project viability based on the methodology provided. Once they are satisfied the project is approved and the project manager is given the authority to execute the project. The first step in the execution process is for the project manager to document a project plan. The project plan documented should cover 6 performance targets: quality, cost, time, scope, benefits and risks. Examples of the indicators are provided in the appendix section. The quality plan provides a plan of how quality control and assurance will be achieved. Work breakdown structure and network diagrams will provide schedules for activities and basis of allocating resources. Work breakdown structure is a tool that divides the project into smaller units, work packages and deliverables. Risks will be maintained in a risk management plan in form of a risk register. Once the targets are provided the project are given a clean bill of health to continue. During the execution of the project its goal is divided into smaller work packages and delegated to project team to achieve them. The division of work into smaller units falls under the controlling stage of PRINCE2 project management method ology. The project manager is then mandated to oversee that activities go as per the project briefs and plans developed. Each of the financial performance regulatory frameworks content is delegated to project team players to implement them. Part of the implementation process is to ensure that the product delivery is managed and executed well (Heagney 2016, pp.76). The project manager will need to check project progress against the project brief/plan to ensure that deliverables meet the expectations before the approvals are made. The second last stage of the project involve both senior managers and project managers evaluating the stages of implementing the financial performance regulatory framework according to the set standards and requirements. The findings of the evaluation will provide a record of lessons learnt and future correction measures. Once the project goal has been met and senior managers are satisfied the project manager closes the project. A project closure checklist will provide procedures and activities that will be closed down which may include: documents, accounts and assets (Larson 2014, pp.67). The project manager then hands over the project to the owners. Prince 2 Challenges And Remedies The implementation of PRINCE2 project methodology in Project A faces the following challenges: The project methodology focuses on the tasks and client role to much which may bring a constraint or relationship between them, there are other stakeholders that the project needs to look and work with. No suitable method of communication is provided to the stakeholders. Information sharing is important of project because it eliminates risks and uncertainties in the entire process (Burke 2013, pp.56). In order for the mentioned challenges to be addressed stakeholder involvement should be integrated at each stage to facilitate information sharing. Project managers need to carry out a stakeholder analysis during initiation and starting phases of the project. The methodology it needs to focus on the resources available to accomplish the tasks rather than focusing on the tasks alone. In conclusion, PRINCE2 is beneficial for project needs because it provides standardization of all the procedures , it is time and cost effective, and its techniques are based on best practices. The methodology adopted by Project A have been tried and tested in several countries and available at free to be used in projects. Reference lists Bourne, L 2015, Making projects work:effective stakeholder and communication management. CRC press, New Delhi. Burke, R 2013, Project management: planning and control tecniques. Wiley publishers, New Jersey. Cleland, D 2013, Project management handbook. Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, United States. Gido Clements 2014, Successful project management. Nelson Education, Chicago. Heagney, J 2016, Fundamentals of project management. AMACOM: American management association Hedman, K 2013, Project management professional exam study guide. Wiley, Indianapolis. Kendrick, T 2013, The project management tool kit: 100 tips and techniques for getting the job done right. . AMACOM Div: American management Assn. Larson, E 2014, Project management: the managerial process. New York: Mc Graw Hill, New York.

Noise Pollution in Urban Centers of Ghana Essay Example

Noise Pollution in Urban Centers of Ghana Paper In the past thirty years, noise in all areas, especially in urban areas, has been increasing rapidly. There are numerous effects on the human environment due to the increase in noise pollution. Slowly, unresponsively, we seem to accept noise and the physiological and psychological deterioration that accompanies it as an inevitable part of our lives. Although we attempt to set standards for some of the most major sources of noise, we often are unable o monitor them. Community awareness of environmental noise has increased and there is a higher expectation for State and local government to reduce nose levels. Noise pollution has become worldwide concern and studies have shown that more than 20% of the world population lives under unacceptable noise levels. Noise pollution can be defined as unwanted or offensive sounds that unreasonably intrude into our daily activities. It has many sources, most of which are associated with urban development: road, air and rail transport; industrial noise; neighborhood and recreational noise. A number of factors contribute to problems of high noise levels, including; increasing population, particularly where it leads to increasing arbitration and urban, consolidation; activities associated with urban living generally lead to increased noise levels and increasing volumes of road, rail and air traffic. Noise pollution can be categorized under the following sources: domestic, industrial, produced by construction works and transport. Domestic noise includes those that are created as a result of certain human activities such as household chores, smaller businesses attached to the home such as corn ills and other noises made by household members. Previously, industries were located far from human settlement so the issue of noise pollution was mainly not from this source; but these days, most industries are located within vicinities and this causes much noise in the areas they are located. We will write a custom essay sample on Noise Pollution in Urban Centers of Ghana specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Noise Pollution in Urban Centers of Ghana specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Noise Pollution in Urban Centers of Ghana specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Modernity and development has paved way for urban construction of roads, buildings and bridges. The end results of these activities are noise pollution. Construction involves quarrying, drilling and other activities that are all accompanied with noise. Road traffic noise is one of the most widespread ND growing environmental problems in urban areas. The impact of road traffic noise on the community depends on various factors such as road location and design, land use planning measures, building design, vehicle standards and driver behavior. Noise pollution has enormous effects on the human health; in fact, research into the effects of noise on human health indicates a variety of health effects. The WHO suggests that noise can affect human health and well-being in a number of ways, including annoyance reaction, sleep disturbance, interference with communication, effects on social behavior and hearing loss. Noise pollution in Sacra Metropolis, Ghana Noise has become a major problem for many city authorities in Ghana; major cities in the country have become the home of excessive noise as a result of increased business activities. The capital city is gradually becoming the focal point of noise in the country, in an ever increasing level. Noise-making emanates from various sources including sellers of audio and video equipments. The vendors have adapted the style of mounting loud speakers in pickup trucks and vans, shattering out loud music to sell recorded music impact discs (Cads) and videos, in the face of existing laws that strictly prohibit noise making. Again, increase in population has resulted in increased in the number of vehicles, both commercial and private. During rush hours, these vehicles use horn-blowing as a communicative tool. They blow them to warn, to force their way through, to exchange pleasantries, to rebuke and also for fun. The impact of the noise is felt by people living near these terminals and pedestrians. Another noted source of noise pollution in Ghana is the churches situated around and within the cities. The church has become an income generation venture; many people operate the church as a full time firm that is operational all day. The end result of the morning devotions, afternoon prayers, evening services, half night services and all night services are the intense noise experienced by people around that are too complicated to complain. Section 79 of the Local Government Act, 1 993 (Act, 462), frowns on those activities that cause noise pollution. However, city authorities, the Sacra Metropolitan Assembly (AMA), and the police have done little to curb this situation.

IHRM culture free essay sample

†¢ Culture – a community’s set of shared assumptions about how the world works and what ideals are worth striving for. †¢ Culture can greatly affect a country’s laws. †¢ Culture influences what people value, so it affects people’s economic systems and efforts to invest in education. †¢ Culture often determines the effectiveness of various HRM practices. Culture †¢ Cultural characteristics influence the ways members of an organization behave toward one another as well as their attitudes toward various HRM practices. †¢ Cultures strongly influence the appropriateness of HRM practices. †¢ Cultural differences can affect how people communicate and how they coordinate their activities Cultural environment Dimensions of Culture 1. Globe Project Team 2. Hofstede’s model and 3. Trompenaar’s 7d cultural model An understanding of these models equips international managers with the basic tools necessary to analyse the cultures in which they do business. The three approaches also provide useful theoretical concepts to help understand the nuances of different cultures better. We will write a custom essay sample on IHRM culture or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Globe Project The GLOBE (Global Leadership and Organizational Behaviour Effectiveness) project team comprises 170 researchers who have collected data over seven years on cultural values and practices and leadership attributes from 17,000 managers in 62 countries, covering as many as 825 organizations spread across the globe. The research team identified nine cultural dimensions that distinguish one society from another and have important managerial implications: assertiveness, future orientation, performance orientation, human orientation, gender differentiation, uncertainty avoidance, power distance, collectivism/societal, and in-group collectivism. Assertiveness This aspect is defined as the degree to which individuals in organisations or societies are expected to be tough, confrontational and competitive versus modest and tender. Future Orientation This dimension refers to the level of importance a society attaches to futureoriented behaviours such as planning and investing in the future and delaying immediate gratification. Performance Orientation Performance orientation measures the importance of performance and excellence in society and refers to whether people are encouraged to strive for continued improvement and excellence. Human Orientation Human orientation is understood as the degree to which individuals in organisations or societies encourage and reward people for being altruistic, generous, caring and kind to others. Gender Differentiation This is understood as the extent to which an organization or society resorts to role differentiation and gender discrimination. In-group Collectivism This refers to the degree to which individuals express pride, loyalty and cohesiveness in their organisations or families. Collectivism/Societal This refers to the degree to which organisational and societal practices encourage and reward collective distribution of resources and collective action. Power Distance This refers to the degree to which organisational members or citizens of a society expect and agree that power should be unequally distributed. Uncertainty Avoidance This refers to the extent to which members of an organisation or society strive to avoid uncertainty by relying on social norms, rituals and bureaucratic practices to minimize the unpredictability of future happenings. GLOBE’s ranking is highly helpful to international managers who are seeking to be successful in cross-cultural settings. Anticipating cultural similarities and differences allows multi-cultural managers to develop the behaviours and skills necessary to act and decide in a manner appropriate to the host country norms and expectations. Hofstede’s Cultural Dimensions In a discussion on multicultures, reference should be made to the pioneering work done by the Dutch scientist, Geert Hofstede. He identified five cultural dimensions around which countries have been clustered, with people in each group exhibiting identical behaviours. The four dimensions are: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. power distance, uncertainty avoidance, individualism and masculinity. Long/Short term orientation Power Distance Power distance is the extent to which less powerful members of institutions and organisations accepts that power is distributed unequally. Countries in which people blindly obey the orders of superiors have high power distance. High power distance countries have norms, values and beliefs such as:†¢Inequality is fundamentally good, †¢Every one has a place; some are high, some are low, †¢Most people should be dependent on a leader, †¢The powerful are entitled to privileges and †¢The powerful should not hide their power. High Power v/s Low Power countries The US, Austria, Ireland, Norway and New Zealand represent cultures with low power distance. These societies exhibit characteristics almost the opposite of the features listed above. France, India, Singapore, Brazil, Mexico and Indonesia are examples of societies with a high power distance. Uncertainty Avoidance Uncertainty avoidance is the extent to which people feel threatened by ambiguous situations and have created beliefs and institutions that try to avoid these. Countries with citizens who do not like uncertainty tend to have a high need for security and a strong belief in experts and their knowledge. Countries with low uncertainty avoidance have people who are more willing to accept that risks are associated with the unknown and the life must go on in spite of this. Specifically, high uncertainty avoidance countries are characterised by norms, values and beliefs which accept that: †¢Conflict should be avoided, †¢Deviant people and ideas should not be tolerated, †¢Laws are very important and should be followed, †¢Experts and authorities are usually correct and †¢Consensus is important Low uncertainty avoidance societies tend to represent the antonym of the above characteristics. Individualism Individualism is the tendency of people to look after themselves and their family only. Individualism is common in the US, Canada, Australia, Denmark and Sweden. Specifically, countries high on individualism have norms, values and beliefs which accept that: †¢People are responsible for themselves, †¢Individual achievement is ideal and †¢People need not be emotionally dependent on organisations or groups. In the individualist societies, favoritism shown to friends and relatives is considered to be unfair and even illegal. Masculinity Masculinity refers to a situation in which the dominant values in a society are success, money and other material things. Hofstede measured this dimension on a continuum ranging from masculinity to femininity. High masculine cultures have norms, values and beliefs that: †¢Gender roles should be clearly distinguished, †¢Men are assertive and dominant, †¢Machismo or exaggerated maleness is good, †¢People – especially men should be decisive, †¢Work takes priority over other duties, such as family and †¢Advancement, success and money are important. Long /short term orientation †¢ Suggests whether the focus of cultural values is on the future (long term) or the past and present (short term). Trompenaar’s Framework Trompenaars, an European researcher, conducted an extensive research with 15,000 managers from 28 countries, representing 47 national cultures. He describes cultural differences using seven dimensions (the theory is therefore called 7d cultural dimensions model): (i) universalism versus particularism, (ii) individualism versus collectivism, (iii) specific versus diffuse, (iv) neutral versus affective, (v) achievement versus ascription, (vi) past versus present (time dimension), and (vii) internal versus external control THE 7D MODEL OF CULTURE CULTURAL DIMENSION Relationships with People: Universalism vs. particularism Individualism vs. collectivism Specific vs. Diffuse Neutral vs. Affective Achievement vs. Ascription Perspective on Time: Sequential vs. Synchronic Relationship with the Environment: Internal vs. External Control CRITICAL QUESTION Do we consider rules or relationships more important? Do we act mostly as individuals or as groups? How extensively are we involved with the lives of other people? Are we free to express our emotions or are we restrained? Do we achieve status through accomplishment or is it part of our situation in life (e. g. , gender, age, social class)? Do we do tasks in sequence or several tasks at once? Do we control the environment or does it control us? (i) Universalism versus Particularism In cultures with universalistic orientation, people believe in abstract principles such as the rules of law, religion or cultural principles. In universalistic cultures, the focus is more on formal rules than on relationships; business contracts are adhered to very closely and people believe that a ‘deal is a deal’. In a particularistic culture, legal contracts are adhered to very closely and the way, deals are executed also changes depending on the situations. (ii) Individualism versus Collectivism This dimension is almost identical to Hofstede’s value dimension. In individualistic societies, the focus is on â€Å"I† or â€Å"me† and the orientation is one’s own growth. In collectivist societies, the focus is on groups, including family, organisation and community. Responsibility, achievements and rewards are group-based. In individualistic societies, people are trained from childhood to be independent, and each person assumes individual responsibility for his/her success or failure. (iii)Specific versus Diffuse This cultural dimension focusses on how a culture emphasizes on notions of privacy and access to privacy. In specific cultures, individuals have large public spaces and relatively small private spaces. While the public space is open, the private one is guarded carefully and shared with only close friends and associates. A diffuse culture does not allow any distinction between public and private spaces. (iv) Neutral versus Affective In this dimension, Trompenaars focusses on the appropriateness of expressing emotions in different cultures. In neutral cultures, the tendency of the people is to control their emotions so that it will not interfere with their judgement. In contrast, effective cultures encourage the expression of emotions. Expressions of anger, laughter, gesturing and a range of emotional outbursts are considered normal and acceptable. But in neutral societies, emotions are considered to be messy interference in achieving objectives. (v) Achievement versus Ascription This dimension describes the methods used to acquire status. In an achievement culture, an individual is accorded status based on how well he/she performs his/her functions. Status depends on achievement. An ascription culture is one in which status is attributed based on who or what a person is, his age, gender or social connections. Achievement is not the criterion to accord status. (vi) Time Dimension Time orientation has two dimensions. The first dimension of Trompenaars is similar to Hofstede’s – there are different emphasis on the past, present and future. The second refers to sequential versus spectronic cultures. This dimension is unique to Trompenaars. In sequential cultures, time is viewed as linear and divided into segments that can then be divided and scheduled. The followers of sequential cultures tend to do only one activity at a time, keep appointments strictly and show a strong preference for following plans as they are laid out and not deviating from them. US, Mexico and France tend to follow sequential cultures. In synchronic cultures such as Portugal and Egypt, time is viewed as circular and indivisible, and relationships are more important than schedules. (vi) Internal versus External Control The final cultural dimension of Trompenaars relates to one’s locus of control – his belief about whether he or she is the master of his or her own destiny. Where individuals (read managers) believe that they have control over outcomes, they are said to be followers of internal locus of control. Instead, if they believe that they have control over the outcomes, such people (managers) deem to follow the tenets of external locus of control.

Creation Paper

Creation Paper Creation Paper Creation Paper: Develop Your Creative Skills There may be different situations when you have to write a creation paper as well as there may be different kinds of creation papers. But the main issue you should understand is the purpose of such papers. If you get the point, it will be easier for you to write a creation paper. Purpose of Creation Paper Writing Actually, creative writing is a special kind of writing. Creation papers are called not to convince, argue, prove or research but to develop an idea, first of all. A creation paper is personal writing. That means that you should express your own ideas, thoughts and emotions concerning a certain issue in such a paper. Thus, all that you need in writing of such a paper is your thinking and creative skills the ability to ponder a problem and generate ideas. Process of Writing Interesting Creation Paper So, you have a topic that you are going to write your creation paper on and you have something to say about this topic. What s hould you do? Lets try to point out the main steps that you should take in order to join all your ideas about a topic into a good creation paper!Put down all the ideas that come to your mind. Do not be afraid if you have got a chaotic picture. You are working at a paper draft. So, it is quite usual! Point the main idea that you would like to develop in your creation paper. All other ideas should be bound with the main one and support it. Make an outline on the basis of your notes. Do not forget your creation paper like any other kind of writing should be well-organized. So, split it into several interrelated parts. As a rule, they are introduction, main body and conclusion. Write your paper keeping in mind your outline. Secrets of Successful Creation Paper When writing your creation paper pay attention to the following:Any paper should grab the interest of the reader. Otherwise, what is it written for? You should catch the interest of your reader from the very begi nning. So, make the introduction of your paper as interest as possible. You may use questions or some exclamatory phrases, it is up to you! Of course, you put forward no theories, suggest no arguments and make no research in your creation paper. But it also should have some logical ending. So, there should be a final part containing 1 or 2 sentences that will summarize your writing. Creation paper is a unique kind of writing. It may not meet all the requirements of the academic writing. But there are some aspects that you should pay your attention to. First of all, it concerns grammar, punctuation and spelling. So, try to avoid any mistakes while writing. Thus, keeping in mind this information will help you in writing your creation paper.

Historical event related to deaf people Research Paper

Historical event related to deaf people - Research Paper Example focuses on a few aspects revolving around the impacts of the event on the deaf community and a detailed chronological assessment of the activities that took place during the events. In DPN, most of the deaf people stood up saying that they do not want nor accept degraded status, they want a deaf president now (Wilkins, 1998, 1, 5). Based on the effects of DPN, it is appropriate to assume that the protests affected the hearing more than the deaf. Deaf people always knew that they can do almost everything that the hearing do; for example, reading, teaching and leading. However, the hearing never imagined the possibility of such to happen; until DPN, most hearing people did not agree (Wilkins, 1998, 1, 8). DPN changed that perception. Simultaneously, the events were a strong memento that showed the deaf that they did not have to follow or adhere to any limitations set for them by others (Wilkins, 1998, 1, 5). The Deaf President Now protests instilled a sense of pride and high self-esteem among the deaf and hard of hearing persons from all walks of life. More graduates from the Gallaudet University and other campuses are acquiring great professions that were once c onsidered limited to the hearing only. Deaf President Now led to social and legislative change in the United States. The country so a number of changes in its Bill of Rights of the deaf and other impaired individuals, months and years later following the aftermath of the 1988 protest. The state passed so many laws between 1988 and 1993, which promoted and enhanced the lives of deaf people, more than in the two hundred and sixteen years of the nation’s existence. Months after the 1988 protest, the state passed acts such as the Television Decoder Circuitry Act, Telecommunications Accessibility Enhancement Act and the Americans with Disability Act (Wilkins, 1998, 1, 20). First, the Telecommunications Accessibility Enhancement Act ensured that all telecommunication systems be utterly available for the deaf